Bava Batra 44

Chapter 44

א הבא לסמוך לא יסמוך אלא אם כן הרחיק ממנו ארבע אמות מתקיף לה רבא והא מי שהיה כותלו סמוך לכותל חבירו קתני
1 If a man wants to build a wall alongside of his neighbour's wall, he must not do so unless he keeps it [at least] four cubits away. Raba strongly objected to this, on the ground that it says. IF A MAN [ALREADY] HAS A WALL RUNNING ALONGSIDE OF HIS NEIGHBOUR'S WALL. No, said Raba: what it means is this: If a man had a wall running alongside of his neighbour's wall at a distance of four cubits and it falls down, he must not bring another wall alongside unless he keeps it four cubits away,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Tosaf. points out that this would imply that according to Raba the second wall must be four cubits away only if the first was also, which is incorrect. ');"><sup>1</sup></span>
ב אלא אמר רבא הכי קתני מי שהיה כותלו סמוך לכותל חבירו ברחוק ארבע אמות ונפל לא יסמוך לו כותל אחר אלא אם כן הרחיק ממנו ד' אמות מאי טעמא דדוושא דהכא מעלי להתם
2 the reason being that the treading of the earth between [by foot passengers] is good for the walls [on both sides].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' By strengthening the foundations. ');"><sup>2</sup></span>
ג אמר רב לא שנו אלא כותל גינה אבל כותל חצר אם בא לסמוך סומך רבי אושעיא אומר אחד כותל גינה ואחד כותל חצר אם בא לסמוך אינו סומך
3 Rab said: This Mishnah applies only to the wall of a vegetable garden,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Because there is no treading from the inside.' ');"><sup>3</sup></span>
ד אמר רבי יוסי בר חנינא ולא פליגי הא בעיר ישנה הא בעיר חדשה
4 but [if] the wall [is that] of a courtyard, he may bring [his wall] as close to it as he likes. R. Oshiah, however, said: It makes no difference whether it is a vegetable garden or a courtyard. he must not bring his wall closer to it than four cubits. R. Jose b. Hanina says: There is no conflict between Rab and R. Oshiah; the former speaks of [a courtyard in] an old town<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Where the ground has already been well trodden. ');"><sup>4</sup></span>
ה תנן החלונות בין מלמעלן בין מלמטן בין מכנגדן ארבע אמות ותני עלה מלמעלן כדי שלא יציץ ויראה מלמטן שלא יעמוד ויראה ומכנגדן שלא יאפיל
5 and the latter of [one in] a new one.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Where the ground still requires treading; hence a space must be left between the walls. ');"><sup>5</sup></span>
ו טעמא שלא יאפיל אבל משום דוושא לא הכא במאי עסקינן בבא מן הצד
6 We learnt: IF THERE ARE WINDOWS [IN THE NEIGHBOUR'S WALL] HE MUST LEAVE A CLEAR SPACE OF FOUR CUBITS, WHETHER ABOVE OR BELOW OR OPPOSITE; and in a Baraitha commenting on this it is stated that a space must be left 'above' so that he should not be able to peep into the other one's room, and 'below' so that he should not stand on tiptoe and look in, and opposite' so that he should not take away his light. The reason then [why the second wall must be kept away from the first] is that he should not take away his light. and not, as you say, that the ground between should be trodden?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And therefore if there are no windows he need not leave a space. ');"><sup>6</sup></span>
ז וכמה אמר ייבא חמוה דאשיין בר נדבך משמיה דרב כמלא רחב חלון והלא מציץ א"ר זביד במדיר את כותלו
7 — Here [in the Baraitha] we are dealing with a wall which runs at right angles to the first wall.
ח והא אנן תנן ארבע אמות לא קשיא כאן מרוח אחת כאן משתי רוחות
8 How far [must such a wall be kept away so as not to take away the other's light]?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This question has reference to the Baraitha just mentioned, where no exact measurements are mentioned. ');"><sup>7</sup></span>
ט תא שמע ואת הכותל מן המזחילה ד' אמות כדי שיהא זוקף את הסולם טעמא משום סולם אבל משום דוושא לא הכא במאי עסקינן במזחילה משופעת דאי משום דוושא הוא הא קא אזיל ואתי תותיה:
9 — R. Yeba the father-in-law of Ashian b. Nidbak said in the name of Rab: The breadth of a window. But cannot he still look through?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If the second wall is not considerably higher than the first. ');"><sup>8</sup></span>
י <big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> מרחיקין את הסולם מן השובך ארבע אמות כדי שלא תקפוץ הנמייה ואת הכותל מן המזחילה ד' אמות כדי שיהא זוקף את הסולם:
10 — R. Zebid says: We presume that he makes the top of the wall slope.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' So that he cannot stand or sit on it. ');"><sup>9</sup></span>
יא <big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> לימא מתניתין דלא כר' יוסי דאי ר"י הא אמר זה חופר בתוך שלו וזה נוטע בתוך שלו
11 But does not our Mishnah say. [at least] four cubits? — There is no contradiction: in the one case the wall running at right angles is on one side [only of the window].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And therefore a small space is sufficient to let in light. ');"><sup>10</sup></span>
יב אפילו תימא ר' יוסי הא אמר רב אשי כי הוינן בי רב כהנא הוה אמר מודי רבי יוסי בגירי דידיה ה"נ זמנין דבהדי דמנח ליה יתבא בחור וקפצה והא גרמא הוא א"ר טובי בר מתנה זאת אומרת גרמא בניזקין אסור
12 in the other [there are walls at right angles] on both sides [of the window].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And therefore a space of full four cubits is required. ');"><sup>11</sup></span>
יג רב יוסף הוה ליה הנהו תאלי דהוו
13 Come and hear: The wall must be kept away from the [neighbour's] roof-gutter four cubits, so as to allow room for setting a ladder.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In case he wants to climb up to the gutter to clean it. V. next Mishnah. [This interpretation follows Rashi; for other explanations, v. H.M. Tur and Beth Joseph 154.] ');"><sup>12</sup></span> The reason, it appears, is that there may be room for a ladder, but not that there may be room for treading? — Here we are dealing with an overhanging gutter,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which projects from the roof over the neighbouring courtyard. ');"><sup>13</sup></span> where there is no need to make allowance for treading, because there is room to walk under the gutter. <b><i>MISHNAH</i></b>. A LADDER MUST BE KEPT AWAY FROM A PIGEON COTE FOUR CUBITS SO THAT A WEASEL SHOULD NOT BE ABLE TO SPRING [FROM THE LADDER ON TO THE COTE]. THE WALL MUST BE KEPT FOUR CUBITS FROM THE [NEIGHBOUR'S] ROOF-GUTTER SO AS TO ALLOW ROOM FOR SETTING A LADDER.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. p. 113. n. 7. ');"><sup>14</sup></span> <b><i>GEMARA</i></b>. Shall I say that the Mishnah does not concur with R. Jose. who has laid down that 'the one may dig [a pit where he likes] in his property. and the other may plant [a tree where he likes] in his property'?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Whereas here the man may not place the ladder where he likes in his own property. V. infra 25b, and supra 17b. ');"><sup>15</sup></span> — You may say that even R. Jose would concur with the Mishnah here. For R. Ashi has told us that 'when we were with R. Kahana, he said to us that R. Jose admitted that a man was responsible for the damage of which he is the cause.'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'for his arrows', i.e., for damage resulting from an action which is in itself legitimate. ');"><sup>16</sup></span> Here too, it may happen that while the man is setting the ladder the weasel is sitting in a hole close by and jumps on to it. But here he is merely the indirect cause? Said R. Tobi bar Mattanah: This is equivalent to saying that it is prohibited to cause damage indirectly, [even where the damage, if caused, need not be paid for]. R. Joseph had some small date trees